until

until
until [ənˈtɪl]
1. preposition
jusqu'à
• until such time as ... (in future) jusqu'à ce que ... + subj en attendant que ... + subj ; (in past) avant que ... + subj
• until the next day jusqu'au lendemain
• until now jusqu'à maintenant
• until then jusque-là
• not until (in future) pas avant ; (in past) ne ... que
• it won't be ready until tomorrow ce ne sera pas prêt avant demain
• he didn't leave until the following day il n'est parti que le lendemain
• I had heard nothing of it until five minutes ago j'en ai entendu parler pour la première fois il y a cinq minutes
2. conjunction
(in future) jusqu'à ce que + subj, en attendant que + subj ; (in past) avant que + subj
• wait until I come attendez que je vienne
• until they build the new road en attendant qu'ils fassent la nouvelle route
• until they built the new road avant qu'ils (ne) fassent la nouvelle route
• he laughed until he cried il a ri aux larmes
• not until (in future) tant que ... ne + indic pas ; (in past) tant que ... ne + indic pas
• do nothing until I tell you ne faites rien tant que je ne vous l'aurai pas dit
• do nothing until you get my letter ne faites rien avant d'avoir reçu ma lettre
• wait until you get my letter attendez d'avoir reçu ma lettre
* * *
Note: When used as a preposition in positive sentences until is translated by jusqu'à: they're staying until Monday = ils restent jusqu'à lundi
Remember that jusqu'à + le becomes jusqu'au and jusqu'à + les becomes jusqu'aux: until the right moment = jusqu'au bon moment; until the exams = jusqu'aux examens
In negative sentences not until is translated by ne...pas avant: I can't see you until Friday = je ne peux pas vous voir avant vendredi
When used as a conjunction in positive sentences until is translated by jusqu'à ce que + subjunctive: we'll stay here until Maya comes back = nous resterons ici jusqu'à ce que Maya revienne
In negative sentences where the two verbs have different subjects not until is translated by ne...pas avant que + subjunctive: we won't leave until Maya comes back = nous ne partirons pas avant que Maya revienne
In negative sentences where the two verbs have the same subject not until is translated by ne...pas avant de + infinitive: we won't leave until we've seen Claire = nous ne partirons pas avant d'avoir vu Claire
For more examples and particular usages see the entry below
[ən'tɪl] 1.
preposition
1) (also till) (up to a specific time) jusqu'à; (after negative verb) avant

until Tuesday — jusqu'à mardi

until the sixties — jusqu'aux années soixante

until very recently — il n'y a encore pas si longtemps

until a year ago — jusqu'à il y a un an

until now — jusqu'à présent

until then — jusqu'à ce moment-là, jusque-là

(up) until 1901 — jusqu'en or jusqu'à 1901

valid (up) until April 1993 — valable jusqu'en avril 1993

until the day he died — jusqu'à sa mort

until well after midnight — bien au-delà de minuit

to wait until after Easter — attendre après Pâques

from Monday until Saturday — du lundi au samedi

put it off until tomorrow — remets-le à demain

until such time as you find work — jusqu'à ce que tu trouves (subj) du travail, en attendant que tu trouves (subj) du travail

I won't know until Tuesday — je n'aurai pas la réponse avant mardi

they didn't ring until the following day — ils n'ont pas appelé avant le lendemain

it wasn't until the 50's that... — ce n'est qu'à partir des années cinquante que...

2) (as far as) jusqu'à
2.
conjunction (also till) jusqu'à ce que (+ subj); (in negative constructions) avant que (+ subj), avant de (+ infinitive)

we'll stay until a solution is reached — nous resterons jusqu'à ce que nous trouvions une solution

let's watch TV until they arrive — regardons la télévision en attendant qu'ils arrivent (subj)

things won't improve until we have democracy — la situation ne s'améliorera pas tant que nous ne serons pas en démocratie

stir mixture until (it is) smooth — Culinary mélangez bien jusqu'à obtenir une pâte lisse

until you are dead — Law jusqu'à ce que mort s'ensuive

wait until I get back — attends que je rentre (subj)

I'll wait until I get back — j'attendrai d'être rentré (before doing pour faire)

she waited until she was alone/they were alone — elle a attendu d'être seule/qu'ils soient seuls

don't look until I tell you to — ne regarde pas avant que je te le dise

you can't leave until you've completed the course — tu ne peux pas partir avant d'avoir fini le stage


English-French dictionary. 2013.

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